Material Hardship

Material Hardship

Factor: Economic Success

Age: Adult

Duration: Less than 3 minutes

Reading Level: 6th-8th grade

What

These six items measure difficulty meeting nutritional needs, hunger, and food security.

Who

The adult(s) in a household.

How

INSTRUCTIONS

These questions are administered by interviewer.

RESPONSE FORMAT

These questions are administered verbally by an interviewer. The questions have different answer formats and can be used individually.

Instructions: I’m going to read you several statements that people have made about their food situation.

For these statements, please tell me whether the statement was often true, sometimes true, or never true for [you/your household] in the last 12 months—that is, since last [name of current month].

The first statement is,

1. “The food that [I/we] bought just didn’t last, and [I/we] didn’t have money to get more.” Was that often, sometimes, or never true for [you/your household] in the last 12 months?

2. [I/we] couldn’t afford to eat balanced meals.” Was that often, sometimes, or never true for [you/your household] in the last 12 months?

3. In the last 12 months, did you ever eat less than you felt you should because there wasn’t enough money for food?

4. In the last 12 months, were you ever hungry but didn’t eat because there wasn’t enough money for food?

5. In the last 12 months, since last [name of current month], did [you/you or other adults in your household] ever cut the size of your meals or skip meals because there wasn’t enough money for food?

If respondent answered yes, ask:

6. How often did this happen—almost every month, some months but not every month, or in only 1 or 2 months?

Why It Matters

Income is an incomplete measure of a household’s wellbeing because households in different locations, and with different compositions and skill sets, may face more complications in trying to get by with the same level of income.

HEADS UP

There is a longer version of the food security scale. Food security is only one aspect of material hardship. Other aspects revolve around being able to afford adequate housing and to pay utility bills.

SEE ALSO

Income and Income Sources

Assets and Debt

References

Items adapted from the Short Form of the Food Security Survey Module: U.S. Department of Agriculture (2012). U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form, Economic Research Service-USDA, 2012. Retrieved from https://www.ers.usda.gov/media/8282/short2012.pdf.